Situation Analysis in Curriculum
The curriculum directs all forms of educational activities for the achievement of educational goals. The curriculum is also an educational plan, providing guidance and guidance on the type, scope and sequence of content, and the educational process. Besides these two functions, the curriculum is a field of study, which is occupied by experts or curriculum specialists, who are sources of concepts or provide theoretical foundations for curriculum development in various educational institutions.
In the curriculum certainly can not be separated from the various needs needed in the curriculum itself. In this paper we try to focus the discussion on analyzing curriculum needs.
The purpose of the needs analysis is to gather information that can be used to develop the language profile needed by the student group in order to make decisions about the purpose and content of the language course.
Situation analysis is a factor analysis in the context of the curriculum that is currently and will be planned at this time to reach the potential for each ability in the process of increasing abilities in education. This factor can be seen in terms of political, socio-economic and institutional. This is related to the needs analysis which in this study will further focus on situation analysis.
After we know the situation analysis we can determine the curriculum making. This is not easy and requires a long time. Because along with the times the students' needs for learning will be very different. Surely they must be able to adjust themselves in order to improve their quality for the future. There are several things we need to pay attention to regarding the situation analysis for the development of this curriculum. Such as societal factors, project factors, institutional factors, teacher factors, learner factors and adoption factors.
Discussion
A. Several factors are related to situation analysis in curriculum development
1. Societal Factors.
We can see that this factor aims to prepare students for the future, facing the era of globalization. There are various kinds of demands regarding learning based on this factor. One of them is for work. In a particular company they will need a person who is good at foreign languages, in this context is English. The point is to be able to enter the workforce. Language education itself is an effort to prepare students to enter the community. This is not just for knowledge alone, but also provides provisions for knowledge, skills and values for living, working and achieving further development in the social environment of society. So that foreign language teaching is needed and there is greater interest in new teaching methods.
Therefore, in examining the impact of various social factors in language teaching the aim is to determine the impact of various community groups on this program. These groups are: policy makers in government, educational and other government officials, employers, the business community, politicians, tertiary education specialists, educational organizations, parents, citizens, and students
2. Project Factors.
In this case there is a case where someone who has entered the workforce to complete a language project. However, on the other hand the person apparently did not have sufficient ability to complete the project. Even though the contract was signed. In this case there are several cases and problems that are seen. From the owner himself, he should be more careful in finding an employee in completing a project. And in this case it can also be seen that curriculum development is also not very good in shaping creativity to achieve the world of work. Because someone who has graduated from graduate program also turns out he still does not have sufficient ability to enter the workforce to complete the project.
So in this case we can note that curriculum development is very influential on the achievement of the potential of students to go to the future. So they can complete the project in a work that has been made a contract.
3. Institutional Factors
In one case it was said that an institution, which is a related school, certainly had its own way of managing curriculum development for creativity and effectiveness in achieving certain learning goals.
Situation analysis that can be seen here is. As an example of a school. Where the teachers there are not too noticed and on the other hand made a new teaching method. On the one hand the teachers do not feel happy because the wages with the teaching system are not balanced. And the teachers became discouraged. So they decided to move to another institution. However, some new teachers entered where they were not yet too professional to enter the world of teaching. And finally they were also wrong to implement good teaching methods. In terms of the situation has already been seen. So the final decision of an institution is to find a trainer teacher and appreciate it by giving a comparable salary. In this case the situation seen is towards the teacher himself and then to the teaching methods that will be directed to the students. And finally related institutions take the right decision for the smooth and achievement of goals for the teaching process.
4. Teacher factors
To achieve a good curriculum students must be taught by qualified teachers.
In a situation that is seen there are several obstacles. One of them is the teacher must be qualified so that they are able to carry out a good language learning process and achieve language learning goals.
We must know that in order to create a new teaching method, it must be a collective agreement on a new curriculum. It aims to not burden the teachers. Because sometimes they like the changes and sometimes they don't. They have different skills and abilities. So we must know whether this will make it difficult for them to teach or not. Because they already feel professional and happy with their previous teaching methods. So to make decisions on the development of this curriculum is very much needed deliberation and cooperation within an institution. Use it for qualified teachers and create national generations for the future.
In this situation it can be seen that it is very necessary to find out various information from the students themselves. Some factors that need to be known such as background, expectations, beliefs, and learning styles that will be liked by students. In this case the teacher must pay attention to what teaching materials will be of interest to the students and the teacher must make the students enthusiastic and motivated to learn English.
5. Learner Factors
In one case it can be concluded that in students they differ between the levels of students in elementary school and junior high school that they may not be given the same material. Of course we also have to pay attention to their age. Approximately what kind of material will make them eager to learn and be motivated. And other cases are seen from the teacher himself. Teachers should be professional and assertive towards students. So they will be more motivated to learn in order to improve their abilities.
6. Adoption Factors
This is related to a curriculum innovation. Which in changing a curriculum related institutions must make a joint agreement to change teaching methods. In this case it should be known what problems experienced by the teachers in the new teaching method before the teaching method was implemented. Because this will make it difficult for teachers to teach in class. So that the goals and achievements of teaching and learning programs are not achieved properly.
B. Another Factors
1. Public
Schools are obliged to absorb and serve the aspirations that exist in the community. One of the strengths in society is the business world. The development of the business world in society will affect curriculum development. This is because schools not only prepare children to finish school, but also to be able to live, work, and try. The type of work in the community has implications for the curriculum developed and used by schools.
2. Value system
There are several things that need to be considered in accommodating various values that grow in the community in the school curriculum, including:
a. Know and pay attention to all values that exist in society
b. Stick to democratic, ethical, and moral principles
c. Trying to make himself an exemplary example
d. Respect the values of other groups
e. Understand and accept existing cultural diversity
3. Psychological
Sukmadinata (2006: 46) states that there are at least two fields of psychology that underlie curriculum development, namely (1) developmental psychology and (2) learning psychology. Developmental psychology is the study of individual behavior regarding its development. In developmental psychology, it is examined about the nature of development, development phases, aspects of development, tasks of individual development, and other matters relating to individual development, all of which can be taken into consideration and underpinning curriculum development. Learning psychology is the study of individual behavior in the context of learning. Learning psychology examines the nature of learning and theories of learning, as well as various other aspects of individual behavior in learning, all of which can be used as material.
C. Profiling the factors identified in the situation analysis
This is related to the SWOT analysis, because this explains the examination of the strengths and weaknesses of the implementation of this language program.
The difficulty in this analysis refers to whether the program will be implemented well for the creation of a new curriculum. This will greatly affect the professionalism of a teacher who will teach. Will he be able or not.
The advantage of the change and analysis of the situation itself is that they are able to meet new demands in the future. Because the development of science and technology today greatly affects the creativity and effectiveness of the ability of students to language curriculum. Because English itself is currently an international language. And can even open up wider employment. Many agencies need it for the development and progress of the agency or company in the future.
Conclusion
The process of curriculum development as a nature that is always changing is also influenced by surrounding factors that stimulate the human reactions involved in their interests. the thought of curriculum change illustrates the need for education to be the successor to the progress of the nation and state. The factors that influence the formation and development of the curriculum are interrelated elements of one another. It can be said that the factors that influence the development of the curriculum itself reflect the idealism and changing needs of society and the state, through schooling institutions which will continue the culture.
Therefore the factors mentioned earlier along with their explanation must be considered. In curriculum decision making there must be mutual agreement for the smooth process and implementation of education for the future.
References
https://fadlibae.wordpress.com/2010/03/24/faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-pengembangan-kurikulum/
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